thanks to everyone's great feedback, i've now got a usb battery that's much more efficient and capable of delivering more current to a portable device. like i promised, i put together a slick little case to finish this hack off right. read on for some tips on building your own.
source : http://www.hackaday.com/2005/01/28/how-to-usb-battery-v2/
quick improvement
as mentioned by several readers, you'll want to use a 5 volt regulator ic instead of the resistor/zener-diode combo i discussed previously. you'll be able to charge your device faster while it is running and it's much more efficient, which will give your 9 volt a longer battery life.
the best part is that it's easier and cheaper to do it this way. just grab an lm7805 from your local hacker store and wire it up. connect the positive battery terminal to the 7805 input pin, the positive usb pin to the 7805 output pin, and connect the negative battery terminal and the usb ground pin to the 7805 ground pin.
which is which? if you hold the 7805 with the text facing you and the pins downward, the pins from left to right are: input, ground, output. it looks like this:
for the female usb connector, look down into the end of the connector so that it is oriented like so:
pin 1 is the positive (5v) terminal (which goes to the output of the 7805) and pin 4 is ground (which goes to the 7805 ground pin).
easiest way to test
several people were wondering how to tell if you are going to fry your device. here's the easiest way to test when you are all done wiring:
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cut a standard usb cable in half.
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plug the male end into your usb battery.
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connect the positive and negative ends of your multimeter to the red and black usb wires respectively.
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if it reads something very close to 5v then you are wired correctly.
making a case
i chose to make my case out of polystyrene plastic. you can find this stuff in sheet form at most hobby stores. it's the same kind of plastic used in your standard plastic model kit and the sheet form lends itself nicely to making flat sided objects? like a small case for a usb battery!
basically, you can just cut the sheet to the size you want with an x-acto knife. then, just glue them together carefully with standard issue model cement. the cement is a polystyrene solvent and it melts the connected peices of plastic together. when you are finished with the basic assembly, use a sheet of 400 grit sandpaper to smooth the sides down and bevel the edges.
room with a view
here you can see the case during construction. i want it to be small, so i sized it just large enough to accommodate the battery and usb connector.
regarding the usb connector. metal can be notoriosly hard to secure to plastic. model cement works best for styrene on styrene, but 2 part epoxy or super glue seem to do the best job for syrene on metal. try to affix the largest possible surface area. i glued small pieces of styrene to each of the 4 faces of the usb connector. you can then cement on more styrene to build up a larger surface area which can then be securely affixed to the front of the case.
sliding door
to close off the battery compartment, i made a pretty simple sliding door. it's just two pieces of styrene with a third smaller piece sandwiched in between. this slides on rails which were made by cementing thin strips of styrene to the case.
where to go from here
i'm still sithout an ipod shuffle, but that about wraps it up for my usb battery. there's no reason you need to stop here, though. you can make something very similar for the firewire interface for a normal ipod with two 9v batteries in series and an lm7812 12v regulator. you can use 'found' objects like the altoids tins for your case. if you really want to get exotic, you could use something like bondo (wear gloves) over a styrene frame to make something more custom or organic looking.
i'm looking forward to seeing what you folks come up with. get out there, do something cool, and send it in!
